A ligament is a rough band of fibrous tissue that joins two bones or two pieces of cartilage together. These are incredibly solid, but they can be strained or broken, resulting in various sprain grades. A ligament tear happens typically when a joint is subjected to a great deal of force, such as after a fall or another high-impact incident.

Ligament tears are commonly caused by bending body sections or landings that are hard or awkward. These tears commonly occur when ligaments are completely extended and then undergo some kind of impact or trauma. Ankle sprains, or minor ligament tears in the ankle, can happen when you walk or run and land awkwardly, twisting the ankle.

As they are weight-bearing ligaments and are often under tension, the knee and ankle ligaments are more susceptible to tearing. These injuries are most common in people who participate in activities requiring full contact (such as hockey and football) or frequent changes in direction (such as basketball and tennis).

Injuries are most frequent during physical exercise when joints are often in use and under a lot of tension. Ankle, knee, and wrist ligaments are usually affected:

• Ankle: The anterior talofibular (ATFL), calcaneofibular (CFL), and posterior talofibular (PTFL) ligaments are the most often torn in the lateral ligament complex. The medial deltoid ligament is less often damaged. In daily life, a high ankle sprain is uncommon, although it is used in amateur athletes. The distal tibiofibular syndesmotic ligaments are involved.
• Knee: The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), medial collateral ligament (MCL), and lateral collateral ligament (LCL) are the four main knee ligaments (LCL). The ACL is the most often damaged ligament.
• Wrist: The wrist has 20 ligaments, and tears are most common when someone falls on an outstretched palm. The most often damaged ligaments are the scapholunate ligament and the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC).

Other frequent locations of ligament tears and the potential causes include:

• Thumb: The ulnar collateral ligament may be broken while skiing (a condition known as skier's thumb) or when the thumb is twisted in an extreme position during a crash.
• Neck: When abrupt acceleration and deceleration cause excessive cervical spine displacement, the neck's ligaments may be broken, resulting in whiplash injuries. A ligament tear is only one aspect of a whiplash injury and can also result in muscle, nerve, and bone trauma.
• Back: When moving anything heavy, ligaments in the back can be broken.

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